Fortuitous in vitro compound degradation produces a tractable hit against Mycobacterium tuberculosis dethiobiotin synthetase: a cautionary tale of what goes in, does not always come out

We previously reported potent ligands and inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis dethiobiotin synthetase (MtDTBS), a promising target for antituberculosis drug development (Schumann et al., ACS Chem Biol. 2021, 16, 2339-2347); here the unconventional origin of the fragment compound they were derived from is described for the first time. Compound 1 (9b-hydroxy-6b,7,8,9,9a,9b-hexahydrocyclopenta[3,4]cyclobuta[1,2-c]chromen-6(6aH)-one), identified by in silico fragment screen, was subsequently shown by surface plasmon resonance to have dose-responsive binding (KD 0.6 mM). Clear electron density was revealed in the DAPA substrate binding pocket, when 1 was soaked into MtDTBS crystals, but the density was inconsistent with the structure of 1. Here we show the lactone of 1 hydrolyses to carboxylic acid 2 under basic conditions, including those of the crystallography soak, with subsequent ring-opening of the component cyclobutane ring to form cyclopentylacetic acid 3. Crystals soaked directly with authentic 3 produced electron density that matched that of crystals soaked with presumed 1, confirming the identity of the bound ligand. The synthetic utility of fortuitously formed 3 enabled subsequent compound development into nanomolar inhibitors. Our findings represent an example of chemical modification within drug discovery assays and demonstrate the value of high-resolution structural data in the fragment hit validation process. SynopsisA molecule flagged in an in silico docking screen against MtDTBS, was inadvertently hydrolysed in the crystal conditions used for hit validation. The resulting fragment-sized molecule bound to the DAPA substrate binding pocket of the target enzyme (MtDTBS) with millimolar affinity, as measured by surface plasmon resonance, but was later modified to a highly potent (nanomolar) ligand and promising lead for the development of novel tuberculosis treatments. Graphical Abstract O_FIG_DISPLAY_L [Figure 1] M_FIG_DISPLAY C_FIG_DISPLAY