Increased migratory/activated CD8+ T cell and low avidity SARS-CoV-2 reactive cellular response in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome
Paniskaki, K.; Konik, M.; Anft, M.; Heidecke, H.; Meister, T.; Pfaender, S.; Krawczyk, A.; Zettler, M.; Jäger, J.; Gaeckler, A.; Dolff, S.; Westhoff, T.; Rohn, H.; Stervbo, U.; Scheibenbogen, C.; Witzke, O.; Babel, N.
Show abstract
The role of autoimmunity in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) is not well explored, although clinicians observe a growing population of convalescent COVID-19 patients with manifestation of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. We analyzed the immune response in 40 post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 patients with non-specific PASC manifestation and 15 COVID-19 convalescent healthy donors. The phenotyping of lymphocytes showed a significantly higher number of CD8+ T cells expressing the Epstein-Barr virus induced G protein coupled receptor 2, chemokine receptor CXCR3 and C-C chemokine receptor type 5 playing an important role in inflammation and migration in PASC patients compared to controls. Additionally, a stronger, SARS-CoV-2 reactive CD8+ T cell response, characterized by IFN{gamma} production and predominant TEMRA phenotype but low SARS-CoV-2 avidity was detected in PASC patients compared to controls. Furthermore, higher titers of several autoantibodies were detected among PASC patients. Our data suggest that a persistent inflammatory response triggered by SARS-CoV-2 might be responsible for the observed sequelae in PASC patients. These results may have implications on future therapeutic strategies.
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