Relationship between swimming velocity and trunk twist motion in short-distance crawl swimming

This study aimed to estimate the trunk twist angle from the shoulder and hip rotation angles in short-distance crawl swimming and to elucidate the twist motion of the relationship between the trunk and the rotation angular velocity in response to changes in swimming speed. Swimming speed during the experimental trials was computed from the subjects best times in the 50 and 100m crawl swims. Wireless self-luminous LED markers were attached to seven locations on the body. The actual coordinate values of the LED markers were obtained using 18 cameras for underwater movements and 4 on the water for above-water movements. A comparison of the rate of change between trials revealed a high correlation (r = 0.722, p < 0.01) between the twist angle and shoulder rotation angular velocity in the push phase. In the same phase, a high correlation (r =0.748, p < 0.01) was also found between the twist angle and the angular velocity of hip rotation. These results suggest that swimmers increase the twist angle of their trunks to obtain a higher swimming speed. Moreover, the trunk muscle group increases its activity before starting the main motion of the twist back motion, and stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) motion may be performed in the trunk.