Omicron reactive multi protein specific CD4 T cells defines cellular immune response induced by inactivated virus vaccines.
Lim, J. M.; Hang, S. K.; Hariharaputran, S.; Chia, A.; Tan, N.; Lee, E. S.; Chng, E.; Lim, P. L.; Young, B.; Lye, D.; Le Bert, N.; Bertoletti, A.; Tan, A. T.
Show abstract
Unlike mRNA vaccines based only on the Spike protein, inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines should induce a diversified T cell response recognizing distinct structural proteins. Here we performed a comparative analysis of SARS-CoV-2 specific T cells in healthy individuals following vaccination with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 or mRNA vaccines. Relative to Spike mRNA vaccination, inactivated vaccines elicited a lower magnitude of Spike-specific T cells, but the combined Membrane, Nucleoprotein and Spike-specific T cell response was quantitatively comparable to the sole Spike T cell response induced by mRNA vaccines, and they efficiently tolerate the mutations characterizing the Omicron lineage. However, this multi-protein specific T cell response was not mediated by a coordinated CD4 and CD8 T cell expansion but by selected priming of CD4 T cells. These findings can help in defining the role of CD4 and CD8 T cells in the efficacy of the different vaccines to control severe COVID-19 after Omicron infection.
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