Physiotherapists use different motivational strategies tailored to an individual's condition: a qualitative study

QuestionHow do physiotherapists use different motivational strategies for individuals in stroke rehabilitation? DesignA qualitative study using in-depth semi-structured online interviews. ParticipantsA criterion sample of 15 physiotherapists who have worked in rehabilitation for over 10 years and have an interest in an individuals motivation. InterventionNot applicable. Outcome measuresPhysiotherapists perspectives and experiences regarding motivational strategies used depending on the individuals condition. ResultsA total of nine themes emerged from the data upon thematic analysis and inductive coding. The participants used different strategies to encourage individuals active participation in physiotherapy depending on their (1) mental health problems, (2) physical difficulties, (3) level of cognitive function, (4) personality, (5) activities and participation, (6) age, (7) human environment, and (8) type of rehabilitation service where the individual undergoes treatment. For example, in cases where an individual lost self-confidence, participants offered practice tasks that the individual could achieve with little effort to make them experience success. Conversely, for individuals with overconfidence, participants would provide them with a relatively difficult practice task to help them realize the necessity of practice through the experience of failure. The interviews also revealed (9) motivational strategies used regardless of the individuals condition. For instance, patient-centred communication was used to build a rapport with individuals, irrespective of their condition. ConclusionThis qualitative study is the first to demonstrate motivational strategies that physiotherapists use based on the individuals condition. Our findings provide a deeper understanding of the selection of motivational strategies in stroke rehabilitation.