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Social isolation, loneliness and all-cause dementia: a longitudinal and imaging-genetic study in the UK Biobank cohort

Shen, C.; Sahakian, B.; Cheng, W.; Kang, J.; Dong, G.; Xie, C.; Zhao, X.-M.; Feng, J.

2021-07-06 psychiatry and clinical psychology
10.1101/2021.06.30.21259818 medRxiv
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INTRODUCTIONCurrent findings of the relative influence of social isolation and loneliness on dementia are contradictory, and the potential neurobiological mechanisms are unclear. METHODSWe utilized the UK Biobank to investigate the relationships of social isolation and loneliness with dementia (n = 462,619). Neuroanatomical correlates were identified in a subset of participants (n = 32,263). The transcriptomic signatures of related brain changes were characterized by gene enrichment analysis. RESULTSAfter full adjustment, social isolation but not loneliness was associated with dementia (hazard ratio: 1.28, 95% confidence interval: 1.17-1.39). Isolated individuals had reduced gray matter volumes in temporal, frontal, occipital and subcortical regions (e.g., hippocampus and amygdala). Relevant brain changes were spatially correlated with genes involved in mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative phosphorylation, and down-regulated Alzheimers disease-related genes. DISCUSSIONSocial isolation is an independent risk factor for dementia, which could be partly explained by related structural changes coupling with altered molecular functions.

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