Network Pharmacology Integrated Molecular Docking Based Prediction of Active Compounds and Potential Targets in Tinospora crispa Linn. as Insulin Sensitizer

Insulin resistance is a metabolic disorder characterized by the decreased response to insulin in muscle, liver, and adipose cells. The normal insulin levels are unable to control glucose, lipids, and energy homeostasis. This condition remains a complex phenomenon that involves several genetic defects and environmental stresses, such as obesity. A full understanding is required to understand the entire itinerary and functional consequences of the occurrence of insulin resistance to develop a potent drug in diabetes management. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of known phytochemical constituents of Tinospora crispa and its interaction with insulin resistant target proteins by using network pharmacology and molecular docking. The insulin sensitizer activities of Tinospora crispa may be associated with the inhibition of the activation of the inflammatory pathway and the activation of insulin signaling. Tinoscorside A, Makisterone C, Borapetoside A and B, and {beta} sitosterol consider the main phytoconstituents of Tinospora crispa by its binding with active sites of main protein targets of insulin resistance potential therapy. In conclusion, Tinospora crispa was one of the promising therapeutic agent in type 2 diabetes mellitus management. Regulation in glucose homeostasis, adipolysis, cell proliferation, and antiapoptosis may be the critical mechanism of Tinospora crispa as an insulin sensitizer.