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Do Classical Speed-Accuracy Trade-Off Models Generalize to Lower Limb Movements?

Di Florio, P.; Karamanlargil, A.; Zijlstra, W.; Ravi, D. K.; Lambercy, O.; Gassert, R.; Giannouli, E.

2026-10-08 rehabilitation medicine and physical therapy
10.64898/2026.10.07.26364578 medRxiv
Show abstract

Targeted stepping requires coordinating limb transport, preparatory postural adjustments, and accurate foot placement while maintaining balance under competing speed and accuracy demands. Although Fitts' law robustly describes speed-accuracy trade-offs (SATs) in upper-limb movements, its applicability to whole-body stepping remains unclear due to additional postural and visuomotor constraints. This study investigates how instructional emphasis and spatial demands modulate SAT regulation and pre-step postural dynamics during stepping. Twenty-four healthy young adults will perform a multidirectional stepping task across two directions (0 degrees and 45 degrees) and two distances (45% and 80% of leg length) under three instruction conditions: Fast, Accurate, and Fast & Accurate. Kinematic and force-plate data will quantify movement time, foot-placement error, and pre-step center-of-pressure dynamics. We hypothesize that instructional emphasis and increased postural demands will systematically alter stepping strategies and produce deviations from classical Fitts-type scaling, particularly during diagonal stepping.

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