Shifts in neural representations, not gaze, track how people reinterpret ambiguous social scenes

How do we come to "see" the same thing differently after hearing someone else's perspective? Revising an interpretation could reflect changes in how the brain represents the meaning of what we see, changes in how we visually sample the input, or both. To disentangle these mechanisms, we developed MindLibs, an adaptive fMRI and eye-tracking paradigm in which participants generate interpretations of ambiguous photographs and then view alternative interpretations chosen in real time to vary in semantic content from their own. Exposure to semantically distant alternatives revealed a strong link between reinterpretation as reported behaviorally and representational shifts in association cortex, but no systematic relationship between reinterpretation and changes in gaze. In particular, representational shifts in lateral default-mode network regions (DMN-B) predicted reinterpretation independently of shifts in frontoparietal, attention, and visual networks, and independently of whether gaze changed. In contrast, shifts in visual cortex tracked reinterpretation only when gaze also shifted, and contributed no unique variance beyond DMN-B. These findings identify higher-order conceptual reconfiguration, rather than perceptual resampling, as the primary account of how people revise the meaning of an ambiguous scene.