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The cancer-promoting enzyme PKM2 binds RNA via a positively charged regulatory patch

Sommerkamp, P.; Schillinger, C.; Lapouge, K.; Biancolella, A.; Ferring-Appel, D.; Hentze, M. W.

2026-09-23 molecular biology
10.64898/2026.09.22.753476 bioRxiv
Show abstract

Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a glycolytic enzyme that coordinates energy production with biosynthetic demands in physiologically proliferating and cancer cells. PKM2 has also emerged as a non-canonical RNA-binding protein. Here, we combine targeted PKM2 mutagenesis with RNA-protein interaction assays, biochemical and biophysical analyses to define how RNA binding relates to PKM2 allosteric control and oligomeric state. We show that the allosteric activator fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) strongly reduces PKM2 binding to RNA. Mutants with impaired oligomerization show reduced RNA binding, and RNA association is favored by the tetrameric state. A positively charged surface patch in the FBP-binding region is essential for RNA binding and displays emergent properties. Single-residue variants further link RNA association to FBP-responsive tetrameric conformations. Our data integrate RNA binding with PKM2 allosteric regulation.

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