Decision Confidence Neuron in Echo State Network for Continual Evaluation of EEG Motor Imagery Classification Quality
Lemoine, E.; Lenfesty, B.; Mudavath, U. K. N.; Bhattacharyya, S.; Wong-Lin, K.
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Echo state networks (ESNs) are efficient, neuro-inspired computational frameworks well suited to time-series data. However, ESN decision confidence is typically quantified in limited ways. We propose an explicit decision-confidence readout neuron, trained from decision readout outputs, to continuously monitor confidence as decisions form. In a simulated decision task, confidence activity increased with stimulus strength, linking greater discriminability to higher confidence. We then evaluated the model on EEG-based motor imagery classification, showing that confidence activity increased with decision accuracy and discriminated correct from error decisions, particularly in higher-performing participants, reflecting human-like metacognition. Overall, this approach enables continual monitoring of decision confidence, supporting more trustworthy ESN decisions, particularly in biomedical applications.
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