Ocular diagnostic patterns among patients attending community outreach eye camps in Bangladesh: a retrospective registry-based study

Introduction: Community outreach eye camps extend eye care to underserved rural populations across South Asia, but published data mostly describe surgical yield rather than the full range of presenting conditions. This study described the pattern of ocular diagnoses among patients attending community eye camps in Bangladesh and examined how these patterns varied by year, age, and sex. Methodology: This was a retrospective, registry-based study of patients screened through the outreach eye-camp programme of Bashundhara Eye Hospital and Research Institute, Bangladesh, between 2020 and 2024 (2021 excluded due to COVID-19). Age, sex, and provisional diagnosis were recorded for every patient and grouped into five categories: cataract and lens disorders, refractive errors and presbyopia, ocular surface inflammatory disorders, lacrimal system disorders, and miscellaneous disorders. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated the adjusted odds and predicted prevalence of each diagnostic category by calendar year (adjusted for age group and sex) and by age group and sex (adjusted for calendar year). Results: Among 7,267 patients, refractive errors and presbyopia were the most common category (51.31%), followed by cataract and lens disorders (23.54%), miscellaneous disorders (13.86%), ocular surface inflammatory disorders (8.59%), and lacrimal disorders (2.70%). Ocular surface disorders declined significantly over time (adjusted OR: 0.80/year; p-value<0.001). Cataract showed a borderline decline (adjusted OR: 0.94; p-value=0.065). Cataract prevalence rose steeply with age, from 3-6% below 18 years to 49-55% at 60 and older, while refractive errors/presbyopia peaked at 40-59 years (64-68%) before declining thereafter (30-37%). Ocular surface disorders were most frequent among children. Lacrimal disorders remained uncommon (2-5%), with no significant interaction. Conclusion: Refractive errors and presbyopia were the leading reason for presentation, with distinct age patterns across diagnostic categories. Outreach eye camps should be resourced for both comprehensive refraction, primary eye care and cataract-surgical referral, reflecting actual community-level diagnostic needs.