Coding agents author interpretable single-cell embedding models from the literature
Brunn, N.; Krissmer, S. M.; Frosch, M.; Frick, M.; Prinz, M.; Binder, H.
Show abstract
The single-cell literature catalogs cell states as validated marker-gene programs - a sparse, compositional prior. Conventional embedding methods do not leverage this prior and learn cell-state structure de novo from the expression matrix, producing dense dimensions needing post-hoc interpretation and batch correction. Here we show coding agents can author single-cell embedding models directly from the literature. Given a scenario that focuses this literature lens on a chosen biological subdomain, the agent edits a structured Python template, curating named, literature-cited gene programs and composing them into axes, without a gene-set database, training, or sight of the data. Across mouse and human tissues these zero-shot embeddings are competitive in biological quality with conventional, foundation-model, and program-informed baselines, batch-robust by construction and reproducible across runs, complementing data-driven embeddings. Because each dimension is a named, cited gene program, the embedding is interpretable and auditable, and its composable axes can be steered into a developmental tree.
Matching journals
The top 4 journals account for 50% of the predicted probability mass.