Purified CBD and CBD-rich full-spectrum Cannabis sativa extract potentiate the angiogenic paracrine function of umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells

Background: Chronic and non-healing wounds remain a major clinical challenge with limited therapeutic options. Angiogenesis and inflammation are central to tissue repair, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) contribute to these processes through their trophic and immunomodulatory secretome. Cannabidiol (CBD) exhibits antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. However, whether CBD-rich Cannabis sativa extract stimulate MSC toward a pro-angiogenic secretome remains unclear. Purpose: This study aims to determine whether purified CBD or a phytochemically CBD-rich full spectrum extract stimulate umbilical cord-derived human MSC (UC-hMSC) to secrete pro-angiogenic factors and enhance endothelial responses relevant to wound healing. Methods: UC-hMSC were preconditioned with either purified CBD or a CBD-rich full-spectrum extract. Transcriptional changes were assessed by qPCR. The functional impact of the resulting secretome was evaluated in vitro using HUVEC-based proliferation and tube formation assays, and in vivo through the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. To explore underlying mechanisms, we examined HIF-1 stabilization and VEGFA release in UC-hMSC, and VEGFR-2/ERK signaling in HUVEC. Results: Purified CBD and full-spectrum CBD extract preconditioned UC-hMSC secretomes, increased HUVEC proliferation, tube formation, and enhanced vascular branching in the CAM assay. Mechanistic analyses indicated activation of the HIF-1/VEGF axis in UC-hMSC, and ERK1/2 activation in HUVEC that was sensitive to VEGFR-2 blockade. Conclusion: Purified CBD and CBD-rich full-spectrum extract prime UC-hMSC toward a pro-angiogenic secretome that promotes endothelial activation and neovascularization. These findings suggest that cannabinoid-based preconditioning of UC-hMSC involves the HIF-1/VEGF axis and VEGFR-2/ERK signaling pathways in endothelial cells, supporting further investigation of this approach in wound healing and regenerative therapies.