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The mitochondrial genome of the hammerhead flatworm Bipalium nobile and its phylogenetic implications

Omura, M.; Tomihara, S.; Minei, R.; Haraguchi, D.; Wada, S.

2026-06-02 zoology
10.64898/2026.05.31.729009 bioRxiv
Show abstract

We sequenced the nearly complete mitochondrial genome of the hammerhead flatworm Bipalium nobile Kawakatsu and Makino, 1982 using short-read sequencing technology, yielding a 16,018 bp genome comprising 12 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes. The composition and order of genes were consistent with those observed in the closely related species Bipalium kewense and Diversibipalium multilineatum, except for the position of tRNA-Glu. Phylogenetic analysis based on all mitochondrial proteins from species within the family Geoplanidae supports the monophyly of a clade comprising B. nobile, B. kewense, and D. multilineatum. The mitochondrial genome sequence obtained in this study provides a valuable resource for investigating the genetic diversity and population structure of B. nobile, a soil-dwelling predator with the potential for global spread as an invasive organism.

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