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The enigma of persistent left-handedness in humans: A potential solution

Gur, R.; Sha, Z.; Moore, T. M.; Calkins, M.; Roalf, D.; Ruparel, K.; Scott, J. C.; Watters, A.; Harris, L.; Alexander-Bloch, A.; Gur, R.

2026-05-22 psychiatry and clinical psychology
10.64898/2026.05.20.26353697 medRxiv
Show abstract

The persistence of a left-handed minority of slightly over 10% of the population is enigmatic because it is associated with stigma, increased psychopathology, and cognitive deficits. In a community sample of 9,352 individuals (age range 8-21 years) with neurobehavioral assessments, left-handers (N=1,281, 673 male) indeed showed greater psychopathology and performed more poorly than right-handers (N=8,076, 3,839 male) on tests of executive function, memory, complex cognition, and social cognition, while excelling in motor speed. Furthermore, the variance was higher and within-individual variability (WIV) - the extent to which scores in the different domains varied within individuals - was higher in left-handers. Since low WIV indicates even distribution of abilities while high WIV reflects specialization in circumscribed areas, the finding indicates that left-handers are "neurocognitive specialists". This combination of behavioral traits could confer resilience against natural selection pressures and help explain preponderance of left-handers in highly specialized professions requiring specific talents. Our findings encourage more research on left-handers, who are currently excluded from multiple brain behavior studies.

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