Back

Benchmarking generative AI and physics based molecular simulation for sampling conformational heterogeneity in T4 Lysozyme

Bhakat, S.

2026-05-13 biophysics
10.64898/2026.05.10.724101 bioRxiv
Show abstract

Wild-type T4 lysozyme (T4L) is used as a benchmark to evaluate conformational sampling across generative AI, AI-accelerated molecular simulation (AMS), and physics-based enhanced molecular dynamics (EMD). A four-state model: exposed/open, exposed/closed, buried/open, and buried/closed; is defined using physically meaningful collective variables. While generative AI methods (AF-cluster, MSA subsampling of AlphaFold2, ConforFold, AlphaFlow, ESMFlow, ConfRover, BioEmu) largely sample only the exposed/open state, AMS integrating generative ensembles with iterative molecular dynamics, recovering all states and reproducing equilibrium populations similar to EMD and experimental smFRET signatures.

Matching journals

The top 4 journals account for 50% of the predicted probability mass.

1
Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling
207 papers in training set
Top 0.2%
23.6%
2
Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation
126 papers in training set
Top 0.1%
15.4%
3
The Journal of Chemical Physics
49 papers in training set
Top 0.1%
8.8%
4
PLOS ONE
4510 papers in training set
Top 29%
5.1%
50% of probability mass above
5
PLOS Computational Biology
1633 papers in training set
Top 7%
4.5%
6
Scientific Reports
3102 papers in training set
Top 25%
4.5%
7
Biophysical Journal
545 papers in training set
Top 1%
4.2%
8
Briefings in Bioinformatics
326 papers in training set
Top 2%
2.9%
9
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences
100 papers in training set
Top 0.8%
2.5%
10
Journal of Computational Chemistry
11 papers in training set
Top 0.1%
2.0%
11
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B
158 papers in training set
Top 1.0%
1.8%
12
Computers in Biology and Medicine
120 papers in training set
Top 2%
1.7%
13
Communications Biology
886 papers in training set
Top 12%
1.4%
14
Nature Communications
4913 papers in training set
Top 55%
1.4%
15
Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal
216 papers in training set
Top 6%
1.3%
16
Physical Biology
43 papers in training set
Top 2%
1.0%
17
The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
58 papers in training set
Top 1%
0.9%
18
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics
34 papers in training set
Top 0.6%
0.8%
19
The European Physical Journal Plus
13 papers in training set
Top 0.9%
0.7%
20
Chemical Science
71 papers in training set
Top 2%
0.7%
21
eLife
5422 papers in training set
Top 60%
0.7%
22
ACS Nano
99 papers in training set
Top 5%
0.5%
23
Journal of The Royal Society Interface
189 papers in training set
Top 6%
0.5%
24
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
453 papers in training set
Top 18%
0.5%