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A Systematic Characterization of Causal Interactions Between Human Visual Areas

Yanez-Ramos, M. G.; Ojeda Valencia, G. A.; Huang, H.; Gregg, N. M.; Bilderbeek, J. A.; Montoya, M.; Kay, K. A.; Worrell, G.; Miller, K. J.; Hermes, D.

2026-04-16 neuroscience
10.64898/2026.04.14.718565 bioRxiv
Show abstract

Information flow between visual areas is central to perception, but difficult to measure in vivo. To characterize causal interactions across human visual cortex, we stimulated electrodes during intracranial EEG recordings in 17 patients undergoing evaluation for drug resistant epilepsy. This allowed us to construct a map of causal interactions between human visual cortical areas. Stimulation of early visual areas elicited robust feedforward influences on dorsal, lateral, and ventral visual streams, whereas feedback influences were weaker and more spatially selective. Cross-stream interactions showed a bias toward stronger temporal to parietal influence compared to parietal to temporal influence. These findings suggest that early visual areas and the ventral stream act as primary sources of influence, whereas dorsal and lateral streams act as integrators. HighlightsO_LIThis study shares an initial matrix of causal interactions between human visual areas C_LIO_LIFeedforward influences dominate over feedback influences C_LIO_LICross-stream communication is spatially selective and asymmetric C_LIO_LIVisual areas play distinct source and integrative roles in the visual cortical system C_LI

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