Physical performance and risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in the United States: The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study

Background: Poor physical performance, measured by gait speed and chair stands, is associated with mortality; associations may differ by history of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: Among 14,137 REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study participants, gait speed and chair stand times (2013-2016) were categorized into quartiles and a fifth category with those who were unable to complete the test. Associations with adjudicated CVD and all-cause mortality through 2020 were examined among participants with and without history of CVD. Results: Average age was 72.5 {+/-} 8.5 years. Among participants without history of CVD, those in slowest vs. highest gait speed quartile had HRs of 2.01 (95% CI 1.18-3.43) for CVD and 1.66 (1.33-2.07) for all-cause mortality; among those unable to complete the test, HRs were 2.37 (1.12-5.03) for CVD and 2.33 (1.72-3.17) for all-cause mortality. Among participants with history of CVD, slowest gait speed quartile had HRs of 1.28 (0.96-1.72) for CVD and 1.72 (1.45-2.04) for all-cause mortality; HR among those unable to complete the test were 1.87 (1.29-2.70) for CVD and 2.74 (2.22-3.38) for all-cause mortality (p-interaction between with and without history of CVD <0.05). Inability to complete chair stand test was associated with higher mortality in both groups. Conclusions: Poor physical performance was associated with greater CVD-related and all-cause mortality among both individuals with and without a history of CVD, with the highest risks observed among those who were unable to the assessments.