A complex duplication overlapping FBRSL1 implicated in a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy

To date, FBRSL1-related disorder has been reported in five individuals with congenital abnormalities and severe postnatal impairment with or without epilepsy; however, the full extent of the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum remains unclear. Previously reported cases involved small truncating variants apparently escaping nonsense-mediated decay, suggesting either a haploinsufficiency or a dominant-negative mechanism. We report the first case of a complex structural variant at the FBRSL1 locus, resulting in an additional, partially truncated copy of the gene, providing strong evidence for a dominant-negative mechanism. RNA-Seq supported the expression of the additional truncated gene copy. The patient is an infant girl with a profound developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). The child presented at birth with intrauterine growth restriction, respiratory insufficiency, severe swallowing dysfunction, spasticity, contractures, optic nerve hypoplasia, facial dysmorphism, and atrial septal defect. She developed severe postnatal growth restriction with microcephaly and profound developmental impairment. She has a DEE with frequent neonatal focal seizures evolving to infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS). Our patient has congenital abnormalities in common with previously reported cases, along with a profound DEE, not associated previously with FBRSL1. Our case expands both the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of FBRSL1-related disorder.