Optimization of isolation, expansion, and differentiation of canine intestinal organoids

Intestinal organoids are three-dimensional in vitro structures derived from stem cells and serve as a valuable model for studying intestinal biology and pathophysiology. This study optimized the isolation, expansion, and differentiation of canine intestinal organoids from duodenum and colon. Organoids were generated from canine intestinal crypts and cultured in Matrigel with a growth factor cocktail. The impact of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentration on organoid growth was evaluated, and a two-phase differentiation protocol--comprising patterning and differentiation media--was implemented, including interleukin (IL)-22 in the duodenal differentiation phase. Organoids cultured with 100 nM PGE2 exhibited increased crypt budding and organoid-forming efficiency, indicative of enhanced stem cell proliferation. Differentiated organoids expressed key intestinal markers (VIL1, SI, CHGA, MUC2), and forskolin-induced swelling demonstrated functional Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) activity. Although the sample size (n=2) limits generalizability, this optimized protocol provides a relevant in vitro model for studying canine intestinal function. The model can be used in future research for disease modelling and translational applications, supporting downstream studies in gastrointestinal disease, drug permeability, and comparative One Health research.