Assessing The Impact Of Meal Volume On Body Surface Gastric Mapping Metrics In Healthy Controls

BackgroundChronic gastroduodenal symptoms are challenging to diagnose and treat. Body surface gastric mapping provides non-invasive biomarkers of gastric function, but the requirement of a standard meal for postprandial assessment can be difficult for severely symptomatic patients. AimsTo assess the impact of reduced meal sizes and fasting on body surface gastric mapping metrics to determine clinical interpretability under non-standard nutritional loads. MethodsHealthy controls (n=60) underwent a 4.5-hour Gastric Alimetry test. Three age, sex, and BMI-matched groups (n=20 each) were compared: Standard Meal (482 kCal), Nutrient bar + Water (250 kcal), and Fasted (no meal). Principal Gastric Frequency, Gastric Alimetry Rhythm Index, BMI-Adjusted Amplitude, and fed:fasted Amplitude Ratio were analyzed against normative intervals. ResultsMeal status significantly affected amplitude-based metrics; the Standard Meal group exhibited higher BMI-Adjusted Amplitude (p<0.001) and fed:fasted Amplitude Ratio (p=0.001) than Fasted and Bar + Water groups. Frequency and rhythm-based metrics were resilient; Principal Gastric Frequency (p=0.245) and Gastric Alimetry Rhythm Index (p=0.336) showed no significant differences across conditions. While amplitude deviations were common in the Fasted group (20% fell below the normative range), Gastric Alimetry Rhythm Index and Principal Gastric Frequency remained within normal reference ranges for 95% of participants across all conditions. ConclusionsWhile consuming <50% of the standard meal significantly reduces gastric amplitude, gastric rhythm remains stable. Principal Gastric Frequency and Gastric Alimetry Rhythm Index function as reliable biomarkers of gastric myoelectrical function regardless of nutritional state.