Impact of Breast Cancer on Body Image: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

PurposeBreast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Although treatment is essential and often life-saving, it can have profound consequences beyond physical health, particularly for psychological well-being and body image. This study aimed to systematically review and synthesize the existing evidence on how breast cancer and its treatment affect body image in women. MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of four major electronic databases for peer-reviewed studies published up to 2025. In total, 41 studies met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review, and 24 were included in the meta-analysis. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a restricted maximum likelihood model. Analyses were performed in JAMOVI, and heterogeneity was assessed using Cochrans Q and I{superscript 2} statistics. The review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024503033). ResultsFemales with breast cancer reported significantly lower body image scores than healthy controls (ES = -1.02). Furthermore, body image scores declined from pre-treatment to during treatment (ES = -0.45). Mastectomy was associated with poorer body image compared to breast-conserving therapy (ES = -1-11). ConclusionAlthough medically essential, breast cancer treatment can adversely affect body image. Integrating body image support into treatment plans is crucial for promoting the overall health and quality of life of females diagnosed with breast cancer.