Using the ECHILD Database to Explore Educational and Health Outcomes of Unaccompanied Asylum-Seeking Children living in England (2005 to 2021)

UK-based quantitative research on the health and education outcomes of Unaccompanied Asylum-Seeking Children (UASC) remains limited, especially at national level. Linked administrative data provide an unprecedented opportunity to study these outcomes among UASC. This paper lays a foundation for further research, particularly examining the influence of socio-demographic, legal and environmental factors on UASCs health and educational outcomes. We described the UASC population with a first recorded episode of local authority care between 1st April 2005 and 31st March 2021 in ECHILD, which gathers national records for England, by age, gender, ethnicity, region, and placement type. We calculated linkage rates between the social care and educational dataset, estimating how many UASC were recorded as being enrolled in state-funded schools. We also assessed how many of those linked to the school dataset was linked to National Health Service (NHS) datasets. Finally, we explored how linkage rates between social care, education, and NHS datasets vary by socio-demographic factors and placement type. There were 37,170 UASC recorded in the ECHILD of which 32,570 (88%) were male and 24,290 (65%) aged 16 - 17 years. We found 7,740 (21%) UASC recorded as being enrolled in state funded schools, of whom 6,690 (88%) were also linked to NHS data. The linkage rate for UASC in the social care to health datasets was therefore 19%. Of those 16-17 years at entry in social care, 4% (1,060/24,290) were recorded as enrolled in school compared to 50% (6,390/12,880) under 16 years. Linkage to the school, and subsequently to the NHS dataset, wholly depends on enrolled state-funded education, excluding College and Sixth-form education. Despite this limitation, we characterised a national cohort of 6,890 UASC in England whose social care, education, and health outcomes can be examined.