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Assessing the recovery after cardiac surgery: Development and validation of the Fuwai-CRS (Fuwai-Cardiac Recovery Scale)

Sun, R.; Lin, S.; Jiao, Z.; Rao, C.; Su, X.; Hu, S.; Zhao, Y.; Zhang, H.; Shi, Q.; Liu, S.; Feng, W.; Cheng, Z.; Wang, X.; Zhou, C.; Wang, J.; Ling, Y.; Shen, Z.; Tian, H.; Zheng, Z.

2026-03-04 cardiovascular medicine
10.64898/2026.03.03.26347484 medRxiv
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BackgroundCardiac surgery significantly improves clinical endpoints but imposes challenges in postoperative recovery. Assessing patient-reported outcome is crucial for optimal care. However, no cardiac surgery-specific tools currently exist to adequately capture postoperative recovery experience. ObjectivesTo develop and validate a recovery scale after cardiac surgery (Fuwai-CRS). MethodsThis study was conducted from May 2023 to December 2024, comprising: (1) a qualitative study (Cohort 1) enrolling postoperative patients of cardiac surgery and medical staffs to develop the draft scale through literature review, semi-structured interview and Delphi consensus; and (2) a single-center prospective validation study (Cohort 2) to finalize the scale and evaluate psychometric properties. ResultsIn Cohort 1, a 17-item draft Fuwai-CRS was generated based on literature review, semi-structured interview (40 patients and medical staffs) and a Delphi study (15 experts). In Cohort 2 (n=500), a 9-item Fuwai-CRS was finalized by data distribution assessment, hierarchical cluster and factor analysis, and its understandability, reliability, validity and responsiveness were found acceptable. ConclusionsThe Fuwai-CRS is a concise and valid tool for recovery assessment after cardiac surgery.

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