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Randomized controlled trials claiming "personalized", "individualized" and "precision" interventions: characteristics, transparency and bias

2026-02-12 medical education Title + abstract only
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The terms personalized, individualized and precision medicine are increasingly used to describe health interventions, yet their operational meaning in clinical research remains unclear. Despite extensive conceptual discussion, there is limited empirical evidence on how these labels are applied in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and whether such trials meet standards of transparency and methodological rigor. We systematically examined 262 RCTs published between 2020 and 2022 that used the ter...

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