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Identifying and Characterizing Gallstone Disease from Clinical Narratives with Zero-shot Learning and Automated Prompt Optimization

Hwang, S.; Wang, A.; Batugo, A.; Kaplan, D. E.; Rader, D.; Mowery, D.; Lim, J.

2026-01-30 health informatics
10.64898/2026.01.29.26345132 medRxiv
Show abstract

We built and evaluated a zero-shot LLM pipeline with automated, task-aware prompt optimization to extract radiology and symptom fields for gallstone phenotyping from de-identified EHR text. Across symptomatic, asymptomatic, and control cohorts, it performed reliably on high-signal binary fields and symptom flags but lagged on fine-grained stone burden and complications, establishing a practical baseline and motivating targeted refinements

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