An integrated platform for simultaneous wide-field voltage/calcium imaging and fMRI (EPI & ZTE) reveals neuronal infraslow dynamics underlying functional connectivity

Wide-field optical imaging acquired simultaneously with functional MRI has the ability to provide unprecedented insight into the neural origins of time-varying whole-brain activity. Simultaneously linking cellular-scale activity to whole-brain fMRI remains challenging due to optical access, RF coil placement, and transmission constraints in the MRI environment. We present an integrated platform that combines a long-distance tube-lens optical path (>98% transmission), a chronically stable optically-fused cranial window, and a subject-conformal RF surface coil compatible with both EPI and zero-echo-time (ZTE) fMRI. The system supports concurrent wide-field imaging of genetically encoded voltage or calcium indicators concurrently with intrinsic hemoglobin signals. In individual mice, wide-field optical and fMRI measures yield concordant functional connectivity, and cross-modal timing analyses demonstrate that neuronal infraslow dynamics (<0.1 Hz) underlie the majority of fMRI connectivity, after removing hemodynamic crosstalk. The platforms sensitivity, chronic stability, and sequence flexibility broaden access to cellular-to-whole-brain investigations across basic and translational neuroimaging.