Factors Associated With Childhood Immunization Coverage among Children Aged 0-23 Months in the Oyibi Sub-Municipality, Kpone-Katamanso Municipality, Ghana

BackgroundChildhood immunization remains one of the most cost-effective public health strategies for reducing vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) and achieving Sustainable Development Goal 3. Despite improvements in global and national immunization coverage, significant gaps persist in Ghana, particularly in peri-urban districts such as Kpone-Katamanso. This study assessed factors associated with childhood immunization coverage among children aged 0-23 months in the Oyibi sub-municipality. MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 360 mothers/caregivers attending Child Welfare Clinics (CWCs) across six communities in Oyibi. A structured questionnaire was administered, and data were analyzed using STATA 15. Descriptive statistics were conducted, followed by chi-square and Fishers exact tests to assess associations. Logistic regression models were used to determine predictors of immunization coverage at a 95% confidence level. ResultsOverall, 66.7% of children received all required vaccines. However, 50.2% of mothers/caregivers had previously missed an immunization appointment. Mothers who ensured complete vaccination for their children had significantly reduced odds of missing immunization schedules (OR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.21-0.56; p < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, receiving all required vaccines was strongly protective against missing scheduled visits (AOR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.09-0.44; p < 0.001). Immunization coverage was estimated at 50.4%, falling short of Ghanas 95% target. ConclusionImmunization coverage in Oyibi remains suboptimal, with substantial defaulting on scheduled vaccination sessions. Strengthened community education, improved health-worker engagement, reduced waiting time, and timely vaccine availability are critical for improving immunization uptake.