Back

DNA-intercalating antiphage molecules trigger abortive infection through mutual destruction and synergize with bacterial immunity

Ernst, L.; Gaetgens, C.; Rackow, B.; Pozhydaieva, N.; Gaaloul, E.; Krueger, A.; Seiffarth, J.; Bund, M.; Joisten-Rosenthal, V.; Kohlheyer, D.; Usadel, B.; Harms, A.; Frunzke, J.

2026-01-13 microbiology
10.64898/2026.01.13.699316 bioRxiv
Show abstract

Bacteria deploy diverse antiphage defense systems, including small bioactive molecules providing protection at the multicellular level. DNA-intercalating anthracyclines, such as daunorubicin, exhibit broad antiphage activity, but the underlying mechanism has remained elusive. Here, we systematically screened the Escherichia coli BASEL phage collection to elucidate the mode of action of DNA-intercalating antiphage molecules. We identified taxonomically distinct clusters of susceptible viral groups and show that, in T5-like phages (Markadamsvirinae), daunorubicin blocks infection after first-step transfer (FST). In the presence of daunorubicin, continued expression of pre-early genes leads to abortive infection via mutual destruction, where both phage and host succumb. Analogous abortive-infection phenotypes occur across taxonomically diverse phages exposed to chemically distinct DNA-intercalating molecules. Notably, we show that daunorubicin synergizes with downstream nucleic acid-targeting defenses underscoring context-dependent outcomes. Together, these findings reveal how chemical defense contributes to the multilayered antiviral immunity and highlight the intricate interplay between mechanistic inhibition and infection outcome.

Matching journals

The top 10 journals account for 50% of the predicted probability mass.

50% of probability mass above

"Similar papers" are the closest papers from that journal in the model's embedding space. They show what the match is built on, but the ranking comes mostly from a classifier over the whole training set, not from these examples alone.