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Dual-mode ClfA-targeting DARPin biologics protect against diverse methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains

Chockalingam, K.; Banerjee, B.; Zeng, Y.; Miao, S.; Bryant, J.; Missiakas, D.; Chen, Z.

2026-01-09 molecular biology
10.64898/2026.01.09.698026 bioRxiv
Show abstract

Staphylococcus aureus uses the adhesin clumping factor A (ClfA) to bind fibrinogen and promote invasive infection through two distinct interfaces: an exposed, low-afinity site on the N3 head domain and a buried, high-afinity "dock, lock, and latch" (DLL) trench that is exposed only under shear. This dual-interface architecture allows limited antibody penetration, as antibodies typically block only the exposed site. Here, we establish a dual-mode inhibition strategy that overcomes this constraint by combining a high-afinity ClfA-binding designed ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin) with a fibrinogen {gamma}-chain peptide capable of occupying the DLL trench. Using cell-free click display and kinetics-guided afinity maturation, we engineer DARPin-{gamma}-peptide fusion biologics that simultaneously block both fibrinogen-binding interfaces. These molecules inhibit ClfA-fibrinogen interactions, prevent methicillin-resistant S. aureus agglutination in human plasma, neutralize major clinical ClfA variants, and confer Fc-independent protection in a lethal murine bacteremia model. This work provides a strategy for targeting antibody-intractable force-activated staphylococcal adhesins.

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