A multi-omics approach to maize (Zea mays) tassel development

The development of the male inflorescence in maize (Zea mays L.) is a complex and highly regulated process that is essential for reproductive success and yield. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory programs involved in tassel formation, including the initial specification of anther cell types, the transcriptomes, small RNAs (sRNAs), and proteomes were profiled at four developmental stages (0.5-2.0 cm). The RNAseq analysis indicates dynamic shifts in gene expression underlying the transition from indeterminate meristems to organ initiation and germinal cell determination by 2.0 cm. Complementing these data, sRNA sequencing uncovered 182 microRNAs (miRNAs) with distinct temporal patterns. A core set of 126 miRNAs was expressed throughout tassel development, while others displayed strong stage-specific enrichment. Notably, families of miRNAs that target auxin signaling were dynamically regulated, suggesting fine-tuning of hormone signaling in relation to meristem activity. Later stages were enriched for miR2275 and miR11969, which previously have both been associated with meiocytes, indicating the onset of reproductive sRNA pathways during the early stages of anther differentiation. Together, these datasets provide a broad overview of tassel development and form a backbone to enrich existing RNAseq and single cell RNAseq data sets of specific steps in tassel and initial anther development, while also adding new data on sRNA expression.