Exploring real-world user experiences of GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy for obesity treatment, and barriers and motivators to adherence

BackgroundGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) demonstrate efficacy for weight loss in clinical trials, yet real-world implementation challenges remain poorly understood. This study evaluated current and former user experiences of GLP-1RA medications for obesity treatment in the UK. MethodsA cross-sectional online survey was administered via Prolific to 352 current and 272 former GLP-1RA users. Questionnaires were designed to gather data on 1) Participant characteristics, 2) Medication use, access and provision, 3) Motivations, experiences and perceived outcomes, 4) Healthcare provider support, 5) Barriers and motivators to adherence, and 6) Discontinuation and post-treatment impacts. Data were presented descriptively, as well as inferentially using chi-squared tests to compare differences in experiences between current and former users and between demographic subgroups. ResultsCurrent users were more likely than former users to report that the medication helped them achieve their goals (84% vs. 67%, p<0.001). Treatment was predominantly accessed privately online, but to a greater extent in current users (current: 76%, former: 58%, p<0.001). Healthcare support was generally reported as adequate overall (current: 62%, former: 54%, p=0.02) but rated consistently lower for dietary (current: 49%, former: 49%, p=0.79), physical activity (current: 36%, former: 37%, p=0.71), and psychological care (current: 27%, former: 28%, p=0.71). Cost emerged as the primary barrier to adherence and main reason for discontinuation (31%), disproportionately affecting lower socioeconomic groups. The prevalence of significant side effects was higher in former than current users (38% vs. 29%, p=0.02) and contributed to 25% of discontinuations. Post-discontinuation, 45% reported weight regain, 40% maintained weight, and 15% continued losing weight. ConclusionWhile GLP-1RA treatment effectively supported weight goals, sustainability is undermined by high costs, inadequate holistic support, and side-effect burden. Findings emphasize the need for integrated multidisciplinary care models with tailored approaches addressing distinct demographic barriers.