Living Neurosheets: Engineering readily deployable neural architectures

Motivated by the brains extraordinary processing abilities, the promise of queryable neural models, and the potential for biohybrid computing, we present Living Neurosheets: practical, malleable, and modular platforms for the realization of complex in vitro living neural architectures, bio-inspired or beyond evolutionary precedent. By innervating porous sheets, substrates employed for millennia in the form of paper are here reimagined, inheriting neural function and exceptional versatility. Through pre-programmed porosity, deposited neurons are held in place for durable and reproducible spatial control. By cutting, folding, and stacking, elaborate neural topologies can be designed, batch fabricated, and modularly composed. In combination with tissue-matched optoelectronics, neurosheets deliver a powerful foundation for the multimodal interrogation of neural motifs. This is illustrated via planar tissues, gyri-inspired manifolds, and laminar cortical mimics, where we demonstrate control over entrainment, synchronization, propagation, suppression, and augmentation dynamics, recapitulating fundamental building blocks of in vivo neural activity.