Microtubule-mediated nuclear deformation drives the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and breast cancer.

Morphology dictates how cells sense physical and soluble cues in their environment; thus contributing to fate decisions. The differentiation of epithelial cells into mesenchymal forms, or epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP), is essential for metazoan development and homeostasis. Here we show that the decision to engage EMP is coupled to cell morphology by cell-cell adhesions by microtubule and nuclear organization (MTNO). Using an integrative omic approach we identify Junctional Adhesion Molecule 3 (JAM3) as a new tumour suppressor in breast cancer patients. JAM3 depletion in epithelial cells alters MTNO and causes differentiation into mesenchymal forms. Soluble TGF{beta} also changes MTNO, and synergizes with JAM3 depletion to promote mesenchymal morphogenesis. Through systematic proteomic analysis we show that changes in MTNO lead to the upregulation of an inflammatory signalling network where YAP/TAZ, FOXO, IKK-NFKB, and JNK pathways are active; but where insulin signalling is suppressed. The actions of the MT-motor Kinesin-1 serve to both change MTNO and promote the upregulation of the core EMP network. Critically, the upregulation of the EMP network predicts the mesenchymal state across cancers. Graphical Abstract O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=137 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/689737v3_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (31K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@6ab6d1org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@8787borg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1dff5dorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@16856a1_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG