Habitat specificity is not universal proxy for sensitivity to habitat conversion among rodents on the Canadian Prairies

Converting habitat for agricultural production threatens biodiversity loss worldwide and has significant implications for human well-being. Debates on how to conserve biodiversity as the demand for agriculture products rises is being informed by studies using habitat specificity as a proxy for sensitivity to land modification, assuming all species respond to habitat loss and fragmentation relative to their affinity towards the habitat type being converted. Here, we test this assumption among rodent assemblages on the Canadian Prairies, hypothesizing negative responses among grassland obligates and neutral or positive responses among habitat generalists to landscape change along a gradient of increasing agricultural intensity. We found complex, sometimes contradictory responses among rodent species, which depended on the magnitude of habitat loss that had occurred and did not always reflect each species relative affinity for grassland habitat. Our results suggest future studies should avoid assuming a single habitat type appropriately characterizes resource limitation among all species, and instead carefully consider which dimension of the ecological niche defines specificity for each species. Our results indicate habitat specificity is not always a reliable proxy for sensitivity to land modification, with significant implications for biodiversity conservation when used to inform agriculture and land use policies.