Influenza-specific effector memory B cells predict long-lived antibody responses to vaccination in humans
Nellore, A.; Zumaquero, E.; Scharer, C. D.; King, R. G.; Tipton, C. M.; Fucile, C.; Mousseau, B.; Bradley, J. E.; Mi, T.; Goepfert, P. A.; Kearney, J. F.; Boss, J. M.; Randall, T. D.; Sanz, I.; Rosenberg, A.; Lund, F. E.
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Seasonal influenza vaccination elicits hemagglutinin (HA)-specific CD27+ memory B cells (Bmem) that differ in expression of T-bet, BACH2 and TCF7. T-bethiBACH2loTCF7lo Bmem are transcriptionally similar to effector-like memory cells while T-betloBACH2+TCF7+ Bmem exhibit stem-like central memory properties. T-bethi Bmem do not express plasma cell-specific transcription factors but do exhibit transcriptional, epigenetic, metabolic and functional changes that poise the cells for antibody production. Consistent with these changes, D7 HA+ T-bethi Bmem express intracellular immunoglobulin and T-bethi Bmem differentiate more rapidly into ASCs in vitro. The T-bethi Bmem response positively correlates with long-lived humoral immunity and clonotypes from T-bethi Bmem are represented in the early secondary ASC response to repeat vaccination, suggesting that this effector-like population can be used to predict vaccine durability and recall potential.
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