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Genetic interaction of Specc1l and Thm1 reveals cytoskeletal - ciliary crosstalk

Hufft-Martinez, B. M.; Thalman, D. N.; Tran, A. J.; Goering, J. P.; Stetsiv, M.; Moedritzer, M.; Wilson, S. C.; Wang, H. H.; Tran, P. V.; Saadi, I.

2025-11-05 cell biology
10.1101/2025.11.03.686369 bioRxiv
Show abstract

Cilium formation and actin cytoskeleton dynamics are interconnected, with evidence showing that elevated filamentous actin (F-actin) negatively regulates primary cilia length. Loss of the cytoskeletal protein SPECC1L, which itself does not localize to cilia, leads to increased F-actin and shortened cilia. Depolymerizing F-actin in Specc1l mutant cells restored cilia lengths, substantiating this inverse relationship. In cells harboring a Specc1l allele lacking only the coiled-coil domain 2, intracellular regions with both elevated and reduced F-actin were observed together with cilia shortening. Notably, F-actin was decreased at the ciliary base, suggesting that a different F-actin subpopulation contributes to the inverse relationship. We also identified a genetic interaction between Specc1l and Thm1, which encodes an intraflagellar transport-A (IFT-A) protein. Double or compound heterozygotes for Specc1l and Thm1 exhibited a higher penetrance of cleft palate compared to Specc1l heterozygotes alone. Together, these findings reveal a role for SPECC1L in cytoskeletal regulation of ciliogenesis affecting palate development.

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