Enhanced liver regeneration via targeted mRNA delivery for partial in vivo reprogramming

Recent studies suggest that injury-induced dedifferentiation, which leads to the formation of injury-responsive cells, contributes significantly to tissue repair across various organs, including the liver. Utilizing Yamanaka factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc: OSKM) for in vivo partial reprogramming generates injury-responsive cells in the intestine, mirroring those derived from injury-induced dedifferentiation. Thus, the transgene induction of OSKM or viral delivery of Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4 shows promise in facilitating tissue regeneration in the intestine, liver, skeletal muscle, and retina. Herein, we demonstrated that transient OSKM induction produces two distinct liver progenitor-like cell populations. One of these populations resembles liver progenitor-like cells (LPLCs) generated by acute acetaminophen (APAP) injury without triggering immune responses. To explore in vivo reprogramming as a viable strategy for tissue regeneration, we employed lipid nanoparticles (LNP) carrying OSKM mRNA (OSKM mRNA-LNP) to stimulate LPLCs formation. Notably, the production of Sox9+ LPLCs, and OSKM-induced dedifferentiation, was closely correlated with successful tissue regeneration in the liver post APAP injury. Thus, the OSKM mRNA-LNP approach represents a promising therapeutic intervention for the repair of acute liver injuries.