Prehabilitation before cancer surgery in the UK National Health Service: what services exist, and how do they address health inequalities?

ObjectivesTo identify and map prehabilitation services for patients preparing for cancer surgery in the UK National Health Service (NHS) and understand how issues of accessibility and inequality are being addressed. DesignA survey based on the Template for Intervention Description and Replication and criteria for high-quality, equitable prehabilitation developed as part of our broader study. SettingNational Health Service organisations in the UK ParticipantsRepresentatives of prehabilitation services, who were mainly healthcare professionals. To be eligible for inclusion, services had to be part of the funded usual care pathway for patients in the NHS Trust or Health Board and offered, referred to, or signposted by the NHS cancer care team OutcomesThe primary outcome was the availability of a prehabilitation service to patients who were preparing for cancer surgery at a given NHS organisation. Where services existed, we collected data on service characteristics, the size and workload of the service, screening and individualised assessment for prehabilitation, interventions, addressing inequalities, and evaluation of the service. ResultsOf 130 NHS organisations which provided cancer surgery services, we received a response from 112 (86%). Of these, 73 (65%) stated that they had an eligible prehabilitation service, and 39 (35%) stated that they did not. We received detailed survey responses from 51/73 services (70%). These demonstrated variability across all survey domains. Most services involved physiotherapists (43; 84%) and dietitians (37; 73%), with a variety of other professions represented. Twenty-four services (47%) reported that they tailor initial assessments to account for patient characteristics, and most services reported that they take steps to address inequities of access, the most common being support for people who have barriers to accessing the internet (46; 90%). Only 19 services (37%) were in receipt of permanent funding. ConclusionsPrehabilitation provision for people preparing for cancer surgery varies widely across the UK, and this creates inequities in services. Nevertheless, prehabilitation services appear to be aware of the risk of unequal access, and are taking steps to address this. There is an opportunity to address inequalities as services are commissioned, developed and implemented. Strengths and Limitations of this StudyO_LIThis is the most comprehensive survey to date of prehabilitation services available to patients preparing for cancer surgery in the UK. C_LIO_LILocal collaborators helped us to identify services (or gaps in services) in 112 of 130 eligible organisations. C_LIO_LINevertheless, the localised and small-scale nature of prehabilitation services and inconsistent service naming conventions means we are likely to have missed some services. C_LIO_LIWe identified important variability in service design, funding, and how services address health inequalities. C_LIO_LIWhile variations are identified, the methodology of survey-based research means that explanations for this variation remain speculative. C_LI