P-Tau205 Is A Biomarker Linked To Tau-Pet Abnormality: A Cross-Sectional And Longitudinal Study

Current fluid biomarkers for Alzheimers disease (AD) track amyloid-{beta} (A{beta}) pathology more strongly than tau, even though clinical and cognitive decline relate more closely to tau. We evaluated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) phosphorylated tau at epitope 205 (p-tau205), measured using immunoassays, as a biomarker of tau aggregation. A total of 2,069 samples from the BioFINDER-2 (n=1,364) and BioFINDER-1 (n=705) cohorts spanning the full AD continuum were analyzed to assess cross-sectional and longitudinal associations with imaging and clinical measures. CSF p-tau205 levels were elevated in both biologically and clinically advanced disease stages. In A{beta}-positive individuals, cross-sectional p-tau205 correlated with A{beta}-PET (R{superscript 2}=0.26), tau-PET (R{superscript 2}=0.29), cortical atrophy (R{superscript 2}=0.14) and cognition (MMSE, R{superscript 2}=0.14). Baseline p-tau205 predicted subsequent A{beta} accumulation (R{superscript 2}=0.44) and tau-PET uptake (R{superscript 2}=0.33), and increased more steeply over time in A{beta}-positive than A{beta}-negative participants ({beta}[95%CI]=0.16[0.12-0.21], p<0.001). Longitudinal p-tau205 change related to cortical thinning (R{superscript 2}=0.32) and cognitive decline (R{superscript 2}[&ge;]0.41). Incorporating A{beta}42/40, p-tau217 and p-tau205 into a CSF-based staging model, the final p-tau205-positive stage showed the strongest cortical atrophy, cognitive impairment, and risk of incident dementia (HR=6.40[4.28-9.59]). These findings support CSF p-tau205 as a valuable marker for biological staging and progression monitoring in AD.