Prevalence of Tobacco Pouch Keratosis in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol

BackgroundTobacco pouch keratosis (TPK) is a common oral mucosal lesion among smokeless tobacco users, with potential for malignant transformation. Despite its public health importance, pooled prevalence estimates for India remains limited. MethodsA comprehensive search will be conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus, along with grey literature sources (Google Scholar and Shodhganga). Observational epidemiological studies published from 2000 onwards, reporting the prevalence of TPK in India, will be included. Forward and backward citation searches will also be performed. The study selection process will be documented using the PRISMA 2020 flow diagram. Data will be extracted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) standardized form, and methodological quality will be assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for prevalence studies. Key study characteristics and results will be tabulated, and provide a narrative synthesis. Pooled prevalence will be estimated using a random-effects model (restricted maximum likelihood method), with heterogeneity assessed via Cochrans Q and I2 statistics. If fewer than five studies are available, the Hartung- Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman method will be applied. Subgroup analyses will be performed by age group, gender, and study setting. Publication bias will be evaluated using funnel plots and Eggers test. The certainty of evidence will be graded using the GRADEpro framework. DiscussionThis review will generate pooled prevalence estimates of TPK across diverse populations and settings in India and will also provide evidence-based insights for researchers, clinicians, public health professionals, and policymakers involved in tobacco control and oral health initiatives. PROSPERO registrationCRD420251119683