Biological, Behavioral, Environmental and Clinical Characteristics of Vitiligo Patients at Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Teaching Hospital, Yakkala, Sri Lanka- Descriptive cross-sectional study

BackgroundVitiligo is a complex skin disorder with multifactorial etiology, including genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. In Sri Lanka, data on the epidemiology and characteristics of Vitiligo patients, particularly in Ayurvedic clinical settings, remain limited. ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the biological, behavioral, environmental, and clinical characteristics of vitiligo patients receiving Ayurvedic treatment at the Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Teaching Hospital, Sri Lanka, and to examine associations with comorbid conditions. MethodsA total of 108 patients with clinically diagnosed Vitiligo were consecutively recruited. Data on socio-demographic, behavioral, environmental, and clinical variables were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were performed to identify key patterns and associations. ResultsThe majority of patients were female (60.9%) with a mean age of 44 years, and 17.3% reported a family history of Vitiligo. Most resided in the Western Province, exhibited dietary imbalances, and reported behavioral factors such as low exercise and betel chewing. Localized vitiligo types predominated, with common lesions on upper and lower limbs. Comorbid dermatological allergies and systemic conditions were frequent, with hyperlipidemia significantly correlated with Vitiligo type (p = 0.041). Other comorbidities showed no significant association. ConclusionsThis study provides important local epidemiological data, revealing a multifactorial profile of Vitiligo patients in an Ayurvedic setting. The significant link between hyperlipidemia and Vitiligo suggests potential metabolic involvement. Integration of traditional and biomedical approaches may enhance patient management. Larger, multi-center studies are needed to validate and extend these findings. O_TEXTBOXO_LIThis study used a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, enhancing data completeness and consistency. C_LIO_LIConsecutive recruitment of participants minimized selection bias within the clinic population. C_LIO_LIData collection included a comprehensive range of biological, behavioral, environmental, and clinical variables for a holistic understanding. C_LIO_LIThe single-center, cross-sectional design limits causal inference and may affect the generalizability of findings to broader populations. C_LIO_LISelf-reported behavioral and environmental data may be subject to recall bias, which could impact accuracy. C_LI C_TEXTBOX