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Vaccine efficacy against naturally asymptomatic infections: A novel estimand for quantifying vaccine effects

2025-08-24 epidemiology Title + abstract only
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The naive approach to estimating the effects of a vaccine on asymptomatic infections, which compares the risk of asymptomatic infection among vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, can be misleading because it is comprised of two effects: the vaccine preventing asymptomatic infections and the vaccine converting symptomatic to asymptomatic infections. When the latter effect is strong, vaccines can appear harmful with respect to asymptomatic infections. Using a causal principal stratification fr...

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