Temporal Interference Stimulation Enhances Neural Regeneration

Neural regeneration therapies aim to treat neurodegeneration by promoting the proliferation and maturation of exogenous or endogenous neural progenitor cells (NPCs). However, their efficacy has been limited. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) via implanted electrodes has been shown to promote neurogenesis. However, its invasiveness precludes deployment in research and widespread clinical use. Temporal interference (TI) has emerged as a strategy for non-invasive, high-precision DBS using multiple kHz-range electric fields, with a frequency difference within the range of neural activity. Here, we validate the potential of TI stimulation for neural regeneration augmentation. We demonstrate that TI stimulation with a theta-band frequency difference enhances the maturation of embryonic neural progenitor cells in vitro. We then demonstrate that theta-band TI stimulation targeting the hippocampus enhances endogenous hippocampal neurogenesis in an in vivo mouse model of Alzheimers disease. By uncovering frequency-specific control of stem cell fate, we propose a clinically relevant regeneration strategy which avoids pharmacological or genetic manipulation. Our results demonstrate focal, non-invasive augmentation of deep-brain neural regeneration. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=197 SRC="FIGDIR/small/670811v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (49K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@984165org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1ed8bbdorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@715057org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@151882f_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG