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Multiplexed BOLD oscillations reveal the interplay of normalization and attention

Rafeh, R. W.; Ngo, G. N.; Muller, L. E.; Khan, A. R.; Menon, R. S.; Mur, M.; Schmitz, T. W.

2025-07-04 neuroscience
10.1101/2025.07.01.662576 bioRxiv
Show abstract

Monkey electrophysiology has linked attention to divisive normalization, yet noninvasive evidence in humans remains limited. We use frequency-tagged fMRI to isolate visual cortical populations that simultaneously encode multiple competing inputs. We show that responses of these sites are suppressed during inattention and enhanced during attention - consistent with the normalization model, which predicts that attention selectively disinhibits competing inputs - offering a noninvasive translational bridge to study fine-grained computations underlying attentional selection.

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