Purification and pigment analysis of diadinoxanthin-binding PSI-LHCI supercomplexes from Euglena gracilis strain Z

Euglena gracilis, a phototrophic flagellate, possesses light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) with a pigment composition distinct from that of land plants and green algae, despite notable similarities in LHC polypeptide sequences to green algae. Here, we purified photosystem I-LHCI (PSI-LHCI) supercomplexes from E. gracilis strain Z and characterized their biochemical and spectroscopic properties. The purified complex exhibited a unique pigment profile, notably including diadinoxanthin that is typically found in red-lineage organisms, setting E. gracilis apart from green-lineage organisms. The absorption spectrum displayed the Qy band of chlorophyll a at 675{square}nm, while the 77-K fluorescence-emission spectrum revealed a prominent peak at 732{square}nm, closely resembling those in land plants. These features suggest that long-wavelength chlorophylls bound to LHCI may be evolutionarily conserved. Nevertheless, the absence of neoxanthin, lutein, and violaxanthin further differentiates the Euglena LHCIs from other oxyphototrophs. Together, these results illuminate the evolutionary diversification of PSI-LHCI supercomplexes and offer insights into the unique pigment-binding features of the Euglena light-harvesting system.