Spectral Matched Filtering in the Butterfly Visuomotor System

Color provides an important dimension for object detection and classification. In most animals, color- and motion-vision are largely separated throughout early stages of visual processing. However, accumulating evidence indicates crosstalk between chromatic and achromatic pathways. Here we investigate the spectral sensitivity of the butterfly motion-vision pathway at the level of pre-motor descending neurons (DNs), which connect the brain to thoracic motor centres. Butterflies engage in fast agile flight within often-colorful visual ecologies, which may heighten evolutionary pressure to integrate color- and motion-vision. Indeed, we observed a separation of spectral sensitivities that matches the functional properties of butterfly DNs, such that wide-field optic flow-sensitive DNs involved in stabilisation reflexes have effectively broadband spectral responses, whilst target-selective DNs involved in target-tracking are comparatively narrowband and match conspecific wing coloration. Our findings demonstrate an integration of color- and motion-vision within a pre-motor neuronal bottleneck that controls behavior.