Temporal Trend and Factors Associated with Repeat Adolescent Pregnancies in Ecuador (2009-2022)

ObjectiveTo assess the temporal trend of repeat adolescent pregnancy in a tertiary-level hospital in Ecuador and identify associated maternal and perinatal factors. Materials and MethodsA retrospective cross-sectional study using data from the Perinatal Information System of the Isidro Ayora Gynecological-Obstetric Hospital (2009-2022). Adolescent mothers aged 10 to 19 years were included. Temporal trends were analyzed, and sociodemographic, obstetric, and neonatal variables were compared between primigravida adolescents and those with repeat pregnancies. Binary logistic regression was applied to identify adjusted associations (p < 0.05). ResultsOf 6,695 adolescent births, 22.79% were repeat pregnancies. The rate declined between 2010 and 2014, which stabilized from 2016 to 2022 (20%-25%). Associated factors included age 15-19 years (aOR = 2.94; 95% CI: 1.96-4.41), lower education level (aOR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.33-1.81), stable partner (aOR = 2.47; 95% CI: 2.16-2.81), planned pregnancy (aOR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.02-1.35), exposure to violence (aOR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.03-2.35), cesarean section (aOR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.08-1.38), and preterm birth (aOR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.06-1.50). ConclusionThe stabilization of rates over the last decade suggests persistent structural barriers. Enhancing access to contraceptive services, comprehensive sexual education, and postpartum care is recommended to reduce repeat adolescent pregnancy.