TypeSINE: Genome-Wide Detection of SINE Retrotransposon Polymorphisms Reveals Functional Variants Linked to Body Size Variation in Pigs
Zheng, Y.; Yang, N.; Chen, C.; Zong, W.; Chen, H.; Shi, S.; Wang, X.; Murani, E.; Reyer, H.; Gao, B.; Zhang, L.; Wimmers, K.; Song, C.
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The genotyping of Short Interspersed Element (SINE) retrotransposon insertion polymorphisms (RIPs) from large-scale sequencing data remains technically challenging. To overcome this limitation, we developed TypeSINE to genotype SINE-RIPs from short-read sequencing data. Analyzing 362 porcine genomes, we identified 749,835 SINE-RIPs (>85% accuracy), including 65,917 common variants (5-95% frequency). These showed uniform genomic distribution ([~]22/Mb), with 40% in introns. Population analyses based on SINE-RIPs revealed independent domestication of Asian and European pigs from local wild populations, followed by introgression. GWAS detected body size-associated regions using SINE-RIPs. We created pigRIPdb (82,227 curated SINE-RIPs) with browsing and visualization tools. The methods cross-species applicability is supported by conserved SINE evolutionary patterns, enabling polymorphism discovery of SINEs in livestock and humans. TypeSINE represents an efficient, scalable solution for genome-wide SINE-RIP analysis, advancing population genomics research. TeaserAn integrated SINE-RIP genotyping platform with companion database enables large-scale analysis of SINE evolution and population genetics in swine
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